people classification

HILDOR CLASSIFICATION

I´m going to defind Groups of wandering peoples of the first Age, a time at which most Men were Hunter-Gatherers in exception of the Lintador who were teached by Avari and Nandor and already were breeding Cattle and starting to
grow crops (the same might be possible for The Wômaw and maybe Lynerians).

The people which I list after these Groups are the various descendants and Cultures which are the Offspring of these very first Men in the different Ages. Of course there are later mixed peoples as the Dúnedain, Bellakaze or Tantûrakim which might be mentioned too. I sort those peoples after their main Cultural influence and Language. Languages and Body Features are one Main point which I mention, the Cultural descriptions (Nomad, Urban Culture) describe the developement of their ANCESTORS as far as known.

I will also mention possible Real-World influences which could logcally be used by anyone who wants to work with one of those cultures.Many of these possible Real-world influences are defined geographically after Antique Cultures or Language Groups.

1. Lintador

The attempt of this essay is to correcting the ICE scheme and to make the people-groups correspond more to Tolkien´s Peoples of Middle-Earth Essays. I changed the Iauredain/Edain/Eriedain into:

Lebanor (Beorians,Dorwinians,Eriadorians)
Kalanor (Hadorians, Northrons)
and
Druvir (Druedain, Beffraen)

And I´ve changed the Arhûnerim into:
Arhuivir (Haladin, Daen, People of Bor) and

Milevir (Forodwaith, Lossoth,Angmarim, People of Ulfang, Szreldor)

The Edain were composed of Beorians (Lebanor), Hadorians (Kalanor) and Haladin (Arhuinvir) plus Druedain (Druvir). This follows Tolkiens Idea that the Edain came from three different Groups of Men.

The Númenorians by this way were a mix of Lebanor, Kalanor and Arhuinvir Tribes and by this Way as well akin to the Northrons (Kalanor) and Eriadorans (Lebanor) but also to a small degree to the Daen (Arhuinvir) because of the Haladin part of their ancestry.

All the Black Númenorians and their Mixed-blooded descendants are descendants of Númenorians. The Lynir should belong to the part of Lintanor which was known as the Lebanor to the Nandor.

The Lynir belongs to the part of Lintanor which was known as the Lebanor to the Nandor.

The first Elves of the West who encountered the Men were probably Nandor who lived near the later Sea of Rhûn, the Avari who at first told them of the Men maybe were Windan, Penni or Hwenti.

The Linthanor

Now it happened, not a long time after the rise of the sun that the Elven Kindreds who stayed near the Northwestern coasts of the Inland Sea of Helcar encountered a strange people which came from the East. They soon recognized that they were not of the Elven kind, but also completely different from Orcs and other Dark Creatures and many of their Elven Brothers who also came from the eastern Lands at this time (Some say these elves were those whom the Sindar of Beleriand later called the Shadow Folk or Mornedhil) spoke of them as the linthanor" or Wanderers , but they did not tell much of this new People and wandered further to the west.

The first Men, whom the elves encountered were tall and broad and mostly of dark hair, they were a large host and carried their few goods on their backs. Some of these people whom the Elves called the "Lebanor" (Nan.: "those who have left behind") stayed near the western shores of the Sea of Rhûn (which was just a bay of the Inland Sea Helcar at the time) where the elves teached them how to build small boats and how to grow crops.

Soon after other Men arrived, they also were tall, but had strangely bright Hair, because of which the Elves called them the Kalanor (Nan. "bright people"). They knew the Lebanor and shared their language. Most of them settled west of their kin , but they were more fierce than them and many carried primitive Weapons. The elves rarely had any contact with them, but therefore the Kalanor were eager to trade with the Dwarves.

Now it was known to the elves , that other peoples were wandering into the west at the time too, but those wandered along the southcoast of the Inland Sea and spread across the Lands near the White Mountains. The first people
of whom the Elves heard called itself the Drû People, which the elves twisted into Druvir. They were strange beings, without question men, but small grown and completely different from the Lebanor or Kalanor.

Later two more hosts of Men arrived, who were led by many chieftains who were in strife with each other. The one Host was similar to the Lebanor, but smaller in body and more swarthy, the Elves called them "Arhuinvir", the second Host consisted of men who also were small and stout, but with yellowish Skin, why the Elves called them the "Milevir". There was much Strife among the two peoples and often Milevir tribes allied with tribes of the Arhuinvir to fight against their own brothers and the other Way around. This way it happened that the largest part of the Arhuinvir conquered the Lands around the white Mountains and slew the Drû people or drove them out. The other Arhuinvir and Milevir went north into the Lands of Eriador where the tribes fought with each other and tribes of the Lebanor who had come there before.

One part of the Arhuinvir , along with flying Drû who had joined them crossed the Blue Mountains , while a part of the Milevir was driven into the northern Waste by their own brothers. The remaining Arhuinvir now settled in southern Eriador or went across the Blue Mountains too with the rest of the Milevir.

Out of fear of the Warlike ways of men most of the elves hid themselves and shunned Men, but very few exceptions. But after much time Men returned from the Westlands and those, according to elvish tales, were escaping of heavy
earthquakes and thunderstorms which s attered the west at the time. These men , as the elves say, were part of the Milevir and they flew into the Lands east of the sea of Rhûn and subjugated the mannish tribes who had come to the west later and were living in the middle-lands. Of other mortal peoples the elves rarely speak, as they say it is hard to them to distinguish between mortals and their peoples change to fast to learnhow to make out any
differences between them.

Note (about Angmarim) :
I always thought of the Angmarim not as a distinct racial group that existed before Angmar was founded. Due to the unfortunate climate in the region there should be only small groups of hunter-gatherers (e.g. Lossoth and Hillmen) roaming the region.

I find it far more fitting that after Angmar's founding, large waves of immigrants came to Angmar (brought there through various means such as the promise of a better life for all enemies of the Dunedain). These immigrants would be drawn from many ethnic groups and formed into the Angmarim by the Witch-king and his lords. After Angmars defeat they were wiped out, so the Angmarim as a distinct people should be a relative short-lived phenomenon.

Easterlings and other folk of Rhovonian would be the larger part of the Angmarim ancestry. There would likely be Eriadorian clans living along the subarctic frontier marked by the mountain ridge at the site of Carn Dum. Because of the Lossadan life style, they would have a very scattered population and would be smaller genetic contributors to the Angmarim than even the Northmen.

Drûghu (Wilde Menschen)
Drúedain (Wasa)
Beffraen (Puckel men)
Honnin (Bozisha-Miraz)
Chaialla (Seven Lands)
Yatali-Gan (Sîrayn)
Yarulma (Ibav)

I had included the Angmarim because I thought to liknk them with the lossoth,
but they themselves don´t appear in the text itself anyway so it was just a
thought.

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2. Haradrim

Gondorians and others in the Dunadan cultural tradition tend to use the label "Haradrim" for anyone living south of the River Poros, even to the southernmost shores of the continent. For purposes of this listing, we will consider only the true Haradrim (the cultures and peoples of the Haradwaith ) and their close cultural relations. The Apysani, a people of the early Second Age, are the ancestral cultural group for most of the Haradrim. They were never a nation, just a collection of related (foot-bound) pastoral clans living just north of the Ered Harmal at the time of the War of Wrath. A thousand years later, their descendants had migrating through and populated most of the southwestern quarter of Endor. Their ancestors, still herders of sheep, cattle, and camels and growers of wheat and dates, still hold most of these lands at the beginning of the Fourth Age. In addition to the Apysani-descended Haradrim, several other ethnic groups have contributed to the racial make-up of Harad. The most important of them are noted below.

First Group: -- Near Harad (Harûze of Haruzan, Chelkar, and Pezarsan and Lurmsakun)
Peasants, herdsmen, Urban Folk
Small, sturdy, light Brown Skin (Numidian/Berber/Turkish Culture)
All of these peoples speak the Haruze tongue or a related dialect. The Haruze of Lurmsakun have traces of Variag bloodlines and cultural influence.
(Note on changes: the Kibic are a military religious order important in the foundation of Haruze culture. The Umbareans and Sakalai and are detailed under the "Eighth Group," below. "Urdwan" is a Haruze term meaning "nomad" and, like "Kibic," is not a true ethnic description, as described below.)

Second Group: -- Central-Harad ( Jelut, Urdwan Haruze, Aukuag)
Desert nomads and pastoralists, horsemen
Small, slim, light brown to brown Skin (Berber/Mauritanian Culture)
These peoples occupy a vast stretch of desert country and speak many languages, all of them drawn from Apysaic roots. Those living near the Harnen speak dialects of the Haruze tongue. Those living in the borders of Bellakar speak variations of that speech. The Jelut culture was born of desert clans tributary to Umbar and speak their own language, which includes elements of classical Adunaic and Third Age Westron.

Third Group: -- (Bellakaze, Bellakarai, Bellanarod, Aukuag tribes of the Bellakarai frontier, Êluzan, Qarsag)
Short to middling tall, light brown skin Farmers, fishermen, herdsmen, desert nomads, urban folk
Bellakar has a distinctive set of religious beliefs and a language and culture that borrows many elements from mid to late-Second Age Numenor. Its ruling aristocracy prides itself on its Dunadan ancestry and are noticeably
taller than other Haradrim.

(Note on changes: Eric went to a great deal of trouble to differentiate Bellakar from Bozisha-dar, and I think we should respect that).

Fourth Group: -- Southwestern Harad and the Metharn (Adena, Tande, Tulwany)
Fishermen, sub-tropical and tropical farmers, and savanna and desert nomads Short to middling tall, slim, dark brown to grey skin (west-African/ Sudanic Culture)
A wide variety of groups of Apysaic ancestry, sharing a common history of Numenorean colonialism in the Second Age and Aruwanai rule in the early Third Age.

Fifth Group: -- Southern (Greater) Harad (Sîranians, Ayten, Danak)
Farmers, desert nomads, urban folk
Short, light brown to brown skin (Abyssinian/ Kush Culture)
With the Haruze, the most populous of the Haradon peoples. The Ayten are the nomadic clans dwelling in the drier regions of Sirayn, speaking variant dialects of the primary Sîranians tongue.
(Note on changes: the writer of the Greater Harad bungled his peoples section, failing to describe the river-valley peasantry who make up the mass of the population of this country. The Danak would appear to be blood descendants of slaves from Gondor, Rhovanian, and other places, but they probably speak a Sîranians dialect as well.)

Sixth Group: -- Coastal Near Harad (Umbareans and Sakalai)
Peasant farmers, fishermen, herdsmen, urban folk Middling height and build, brown to black hair, tanned to light brown skin.
(Numidian and Magreb cultures)
The original Sakalai were the southernmost of the Daen peoples who reached the coasts of the Bay of Belfalas in the later First Age. As the second millennium of the Second Age began, these peoples were in danger of being
absorbed by the Haruze, but the Numenoreans came to the coasts of Endor and gradually took the Sakalai under their protection. By the late Second Age a new language, Westron, had arise between Umbar and Pelargir, based on
Adunaic salted with elements of the old Daen tongues. While Westron usage eventually spread northward to Eriador and Rhovanion, the larger number of Westron-speakers dwelt in Gondor and Umbar until after the Kinstrife in the
mid-Third Age. The Umbareans were slowly absorbed by the Haruze thereafter. Their language and culture eventually melded with those of the rest of northern Harad.

Seventh Group (Bozishnarod, Narodbrijig, Covshek-Pust, Poacaod)
Short, light brown skin (West-African Sahel Culture/Tuareg)
Farmers, fishermen, herdsmen, desert nomads, urban folk
The people of Far Harad have always made it a point to keep their society distinct from those Haradrim, like the people of Bellakar or Haruzan, who boast of being the cultural heirs of Numenor . The settled peoples of the Dar share a common religion with the surrounding of desert clans, most of whom speak the Bozishnarod language or a related dialect.

Eighth Group (Etulian, Farijin, Sorijan)
a light gray skin, flat faces, long and steep hair (usually brown or black), a muscular constitution
They have a distinctive set of religious beliefs and a language and culture that borrows many elements from mid to late-Second Age Numenor. Its ruling aristocracy prides itself on its Dunadan ancestry and are noticeably taller than other Haradrim. They live in Tulwang, and Anbalukkhôr.

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3. Easterlings


It was a bit hard to define which peoples belong to the Category "Easterling". I defined Easterlings as the standard Gondorian Word for any Culture of Central Middle-Earth.If a Gondorian would meet a Chey he would probably judge him as a Haradrim after his appearance and clothing, even if in Language he is much more akin to Western Easterlings as the Wainriders.

I do not Speak of the People of the Far East as easterlings here, since they represent Cultures of which the Gondorians had no vague impression or Idea. The only Charakter ever mentioned by Tolkien is Khamûl, the Black
Easterling. So if the People of the Far East would be servants of the Darkness we could call them all collectively "Black Easterlings". However I will mention here only the "Easterlings" and I´m going to work on the "Northern-Peoples" or "Snow peoples" and the "Peoples of the Far east" or "Black Easterlings" later.

I´ve grouped the peoples as far as they are mentioned by Tolkien together as in his Books, so the Balchoth and Wainriders are now together in one Group while the Easterlings of Rhûn and Sea-Easterlings are an own Group now. The same I dis with the Variags the Men of Núrn and the Nûriags. By this I followed Tolkien close and ignored the existing ICE scheme. The other peoples consits mostly of Talatherim , from which I´ve taken the Ibav, Chy and Chey away and added instead the Adekdar from the Linerim. The Chy and Chey are going to be
Bay People now while the Ibav and the other Linerim (Horl and Raliani) will become Cultures of the Far East. As Nomads I´ve also added the Eskam to the Easterlings, but maybe I can put them together with the Rhûn Easterlings or Balchoth/Wainriders since they should be Skythians. In that case I propose to invent Tibetian/Birman peoples since they would fit geographically to Northern Ormal.

Easterlings:

First Group: -- Rhûn (Rhûn Easterlings, Sea-Easterlings)
Gathmarig,Brygath,Urgath
Farmers, Herders, Fishermen, Corsairs
middle heigh, slim, light Brown Skin (Skythian/Cimmerian Culture)

Second Group: -- Khand/Mordor (Variags, Núrnoth, Nûriags, Lothrag)
Farmers, Herders, Urban, Warlike
middle-height, slim, Dark Skin (Anatolian/ Hittiche Culture)
Note : the Lothrag live in Lotan

Third Group: -- East of Rhûn (Balchoth (Asdriags,Odhriags,Magriags,Kykuria),
Wainriders, Kykuria, Tedjin)
Wain Nomads, Horse Nomads, Farmers, Warlike
middle-height, slim , light Brown Skin (Sarmatian/Sauromatian Culture)

Ahar (Fifth Group): -- (Kargagis Ahar, Relmether, Rycolis, Dalpygis,
Orgothraath, Yilgaathi)
Herders, Farmers, Nomads
small, Stout, light Brown Skin (Turk/Kasachian Culture)

Adek (Sixth Group): -- (Adekdar, Alduryaknar, Burskadek, Gaathgykar)
breeders, Herders
small, Slim, yellowish Skin ( Hunnish/Hiung-Nu Culture)

Lin (seventh Group): -- East Palisor (Daldûnairi, Ûsteri, Lygar, Jendiar)
farmers, hunters, herders
small, Strong, Dark-yellowish Skin (Mongolic-Culture)

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4. Swertings / Black Peoples:

first Group -- Go to the East (Ts´dan, K´prur)
Warlike, Seafarers (later), Yellowish-Dark Brown skin

second Group -- come to the Sunlands (Sharaeke, Geshânians)
befriend the Avari, build Cities
small, yellowish-darkbrown Skin (West-African, Sudanic culture)

Akanli (third Group) -- come to the Sunlands (Mûmakanril, Ûsakanil,
Mûlamburil, Tantûrakim)
Warlike, tall, Musculous
Dark Black Skin (South-African, Bantu culture)

Ebesan (fourth Group) -- come to the Hyarnustar (Adena, Sedêre, Drêl,
Pel, Swasan)
tall, slim, warlike
Copper-Black Skin (West-African, Sudan-Culture)
(this group is distantly related to the Apysaic speaking Haradrim of Sîrayn)

Sixth group (fifth Group) -- come to the Hyarnustar (Magri, Tumagri,
Nandran, Sanâr, Tandê)
a coloured people and have dark coloured skin, broad faces, black
deeply-inset eyes

Kir (sixth Group) -- come to the Sunlands (Kîranai, Ganim, Drênim, Ahava,
Tuktanai, Sekâk)
tall, slim, peaceful
Black Skin (East-African, Bantu Culture)

Tuk (seventh Group) -- come to the Archipelago (Sâre, Tulthan, Râkhe, Sekâk)
Warlike, tall, bony , Seafarers (primitive)
Dark Black Skin (Melanesian Culture)

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5. Peoples of the far East:

As for the Easterlings of the Far East the Avarim Cultures are especially sundered, because at first they are relatively close in culture but in the late third Age are not that closely akin anymore...

Avarim:
First Group :-- (Wômaw, Rôlaw, Wêraw, Góakaw, Móakaw, Kaelaw, Haenaw)
Farmers, breeders, Fishermen, Seafarers
Middle-tall to small, Slim, Yellowish-reddish Skin (Chinese /Shang Culture)

second Group :-- (Lôchaw, Argaw)
Farmers, Fishermen, Seafarers
Middle-tall to small, slim, Yellowish-reddish Skin (Japanese /Malaian Culture)

third Group :-- (Aegaw)
Breeders, Herders, Farmers, Fishermen
small to middle-tall, slim, yellowish-reddish Skin (Korean / North Chinese Culture)

fourth Group :-- (Urakhan)
Farmers, Breeders, Mountainmen
middle-tall to small, slim, yellowish-reddish Skin (Birman /Northern Indian Culture)

fifth Group :-- (Vulmaw)
Farmers, Fishermen
middle-tall to small, stout, yellowish-reddish Skin (Indonesian /Javanese
Culture)

Other Peoples:
Brârim (sixth Group) :-- (Wôlim, Brôdim, Tânim, Lakhab)
Farmers, fishermen
small, stout, yellowish Skin (Vietnamese Culture)

seventh Group :-- (Ibaavi, Nargaathi, Shaya, Unvirnay)
Farmers, Breeders
small, Slim, yellowish Skin (Thai / Siamese Culture)

eight Group :-- (Hôrl, Raliani)
Farmers
small, stout, yellowish Skin (Khmer/Kabodjan Culture)

ninth Group :-- (Tarlai, Monam)
Farmers, Fishermen
small to middle-tall, slim, yellowish Skin (Malaian/ Malaysian Culture)

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6. Southearners or Bay People

Eskam (First Group): -- (Aca, Dilikhran, Firusey, Charax, Phrashara)
Herders, Nomads, Warlike
small, stout, yellowish Skin (Parthian/ Baktrian Culture or
Tibetian/Birman Culture)

Second Group: -- Ered Ormal (Chey, Chy, Ulshyan)
Farmers, urban folk, shepherds, horsemen.
Short to middling height, slim, mid-brown skin (Iranian/Persian Culture)
Centuries after the Apysaic peoples had become the first nations of Harad, another wave of related immigrants crossed the southern Ered Harmal and conquered much of the eastern Haradwaith. Those who settled and built
civilizations in Harad became the Chy. Their relations who stayed on the high plains north of the mountains became the Chey and related nations.

The Ulshyan are related to the Chey and the Chy, but they were forced to migrate to the north.

Third Group : Niss valley people (Idurâk, Verikis, Lynîr)
Note : Lynîr are distantly related to the Lintanor

Fourth Group: -- Eastern Harad (Múranians, Elinse)
Farmers, fishermen, nomads
Small, slim, light brown skin (Arabian/ Semitic Culture)
The Muranians may have been the first farmers and city-builders among the Haradrim, but most of them were overrun by the Chy at the end of the first millennium of the Second Age. The folk of Harshandatt considered themselves the proper ancestors of the Muranians. A number of desert tribes speak similar languages. The Elinse of Anarike are a former Numenorean colony and have Adunaic elements in their language.
(Note : One quick note about relationships between Elinse and Numenoreans. Anarike is still a Numenorean realm in the Third Age. And there is by the end of Second Age, Lynir in Anarike, who melt with Numenorean and Elinse).
(this fourth group is the connection with Haradrim people)

Fifth Group -- come to the Lands of Ormal (Jôpe, Zurghîr, Icuddin)
tall, slim, warlike, Dark Brown Skin (Drawida/Wedda Culture)

Originally the Jôpi and Zurghîr were defined as Kinsmen of the Black peoples of Ardor, but together with the Ts´dan and Kp´rur we could make up another (eastern) branch of Black peoples or declare them splintergroups who have strongly intermixed with the Southeasterners. The Zurghîr are pretty much Indo-Drawida influenced, even if they are coloured we could count them to that group.

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7. Far North people

Ystävä Talva (first Group) :-- (Lumimiehet or Lossoth, Jäämiehet, Merimetsästäjät)
Forodwaith - they live in Northern Waste

Mornerin - Second Group (Urdar, Agrinak, Duranak, Syrkakar)
for most of their history, these people are aside the Shadow people Mornerin Urdar

Mornerin - Third Group
Angcla, Agnica, one people related to these two and who fled the Shadow and directs themselves to Barl Syrnac,

Mornerin - Fourth Group (Free People)
Sharta, Ôma

Mornerin - Fifth group
Kubor, Iskahu, Aigar, Rubor, Ayelma

Tyr (First group): -- (Myri, Lusturangsuri, Lu Tyr Sú, Vorgani, Dyrians, Desdursya, Ky'taari)
Herders, Hunters, Horse Nomads, Warlike
small, Stout, yellowish Skin (West- Sibirian Culture)

Tyr (Second group) (Vothrig, Ky'taari)
portrayed like the Viking for the Vothrig.

Conclusion :

I believe we´re pretty fine now with the Western Men for the Lands west of the Rhûnaer and north of the Harnen, The Haradrim south of the Harnen and west of the Ered Harmal, the Black men south of the Yellow mountains, the
Easterlings in the central Steppes of Palisor, The North-Peoples in the Northern Taiga Woods and Tundras of Forodwaith and Urd and the Far eastern Peoples beyond the Orocarni and Windmountains. Every Major group has a lot of subgroups which are pretty differentiated from each other now, I like that.

I believe that most of the new Southeasterners are vaguely Indo-iranic Cultures, but there´s still alot of freedom with interpretations (as Greek or Old Crete influence)